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WORKING PAPERS
March 25, 2024
The role of fathers in parenting young children differs dramatically across societies. Policymakers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly focused on increasing the amount of early childhood stimulation and other investments received by young children in an attempt to increase ...
WORKING PAPERS
January 23, 2024
Center-based childcare programs are expanding rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. While the impacts of these programs on women’s labor market outcomes are consistently positive, what are the impacts on children’s developmental outcomes? We systematically review 71 studies of center-based ch...
WORKING PAPERS
October 25, 2023
Enrolling in preschool at age three has large positive impacts on vocabulary in children’s mother tongue, which is the primary language of instruction in preprimary in Kenya. However, these short-term gains do not necessarily translate into persistent advantages in vocabulary or other measures of c...
WORKING PAPERS
October 24, 2023
Climate change is a systemic risk to the global economy. While there is a large body of literature documenting the potential economic consequences of climate change, there is relatively little research on the link between vulnerabilities to climate change, the buildup of climate debt by countries wi...
WORKING PAPERS
August 30, 2023
Higher levels of fiscal redistribution, through income taxes and direct transfers, increase the probability of achieving inclusive growth. To spur inclusive growth in the aftermath of the COVID pandemic, countries with limited fiscal space will need to focus on improving efficiency and reallocate ex...
WORKING PAPERS
May 17, 2023
We evaluate two labor market interventions targeting young women in Nairobi, Kenya. The first was a multifaceted program involving vocational training, in-kind transfers of physical capital, and ongoing mentoring. The second was an unrestricted cash grant. Both interventions shift women into self-em...
WORKING PAPERS
October 31, 2022
We construct a novel database covering more than 450 fiscal consolidation episodes in 185 countries during the period 1979-2019. Using discrete choice models, we then examine the (broader macroeconomic and political) factors motivating these fiscal consolidation episodes.
WORKING PAPERS
April 06, 2022
This paper discusses how fiscal policy can help foster more inclusive growth in developing Asia. On average, government expenditures in developing Asia are higher, as a share of gross domestic product, than those in Latin America and the Caribbean. Relative to Latin America, developing Asia spends m...
WORKING PAPERS
April 06, 2022
This paper discusses the evolution of key taxes in the past 20 years in developing Asia and fiscal challenges that these countries face in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents estimates of tax capacity and tax potential and discusses the productivity of key taxes in the region. The paper find...