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CGD NOTES
June 06, 2024
Most foreign aid comes in one of two forms: either we pay a person or an institution today in exchange for delivering some beneficial activity in the future, or we observe something bad happen to them and then give them support to recover from it. In this note, I identify a broad family of alternati...
WORKING PAPERS
April 02, 2024
Starting in 2001, duty-free access to U.S. markets under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to a brief boom in African manufacturing exports, particularly apparel, which then fizzled in the face of unfettered Chinese competition after 2005. The looming expiration of AGOA—and eroding C...
WORKING PAPERS
March 21, 2024
Since 2011, the World Bank’s education strategy has emphasized the need to shift focus from schooling to learning, and towards primary education with special attention to foundational skills. But this shift is not always easy to see in the actual lending data. Coding new details on 25 years of World...
WORKING PAPERS
February 22, 2024
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) already contributes to almost five million deaths per year. Without action, this number will likely rise substantially. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the economic drivers of ABR, arguing that ABR in large part arises from extensive unresolved market (an...
POLICY PAPERS
December 14, 2023
DFID’s growing budget, influence, capability, focus, and political support from 2003 to 2010 allowed it, in these years, to make a substantial contribution towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. These years also saw the emergence of a cross-party political consensus that the UK should ...
WORKING PAPERS
November 20, 2023
Over two decades and dozens of countries, the United States Agency for International Development has refined a package of support for early-grade reading, often referred to as “structured pedagogy”, which includes textbooks, teacher training, coaching, and lesson plans.